In this part, we would like to present you the importance of context clues by extracting five examples from the passage and indicate the genres of the clues. In reading any kinds of articles, context clues play very important roles and help the reader to guess the meaning which he or she cannot understand due to the variously possible meaning of the words.
Context is the message surrounding the term or unknown words. It helps readers to understand which word sense is now used by the writer.
1. One of the most useful techniques of Context Clues is the Restatement that means to repeat the same word by using another phrases and words. There are often these following words to be observed: or, that is, in other words, and that is to say etc.
Example: Thailand is not only faced with an economic crisis, but factually and grammatically, the nation is faced with crises (plural) and hence the problem is multi-dimensional or multifaceted.
จากตัวอย่าง จะเห็นได้ว่า คำว่า “Multi-dimensional” และ “multifaceted” สามารถใช้แทนกันได้และมีความหมายไปในทิศทางเดียวกัน โดยสังเกตได้จากคำว่า “or” ซึ่งเป็นการแสดงถึงวิธีพูดซ้ำในประโยคตัวอย่าง
2. Secondly, the Example is another method letting the readers learn the meaning of the context. Most writers use this effective way to illustrate the whole concept and theme to readers as we are going to see from the supporting example below. Please notice that there are usually such, for instance, like, such as, for example, and especially in the sentence.
Example: The success of the smaller nations is thus contingent upon the success of the U.S. The exception will be those nations with a vast area and a big population. China, India and Russia, for example, all have big enough domestic market where consumption can be boosted.
จากตัวอย่าง ทำให้ผู้อ่านสามารถเข้าใจได้อย่างชัดเจนขึ้นว่า เหตุใดประเทศที่มีอาณาบริเวณกว้างขวางและประชากรจำนวนมากจึงเป็นข้อยกเว้นจากการได้รับผลกระทบจากสหรัฐอเมริกา โดยสังเกตคำว่า for example นั่นเอง
3. Thirdly, one of another effective context clues is to learn about the Contrast which mostly appears as but, however, even though, although, yet and on the other hand. The contrast will give readers clear meaning by introducing the opposites so that readers can compare the former text with the latter one to guess the right meaning of the article.
Example: The simple argument is that the possibility of a good outcome of efforts will be greater if the government can operate under a stable political situation and a cooperative social milieu. But those elements are the luxury which the government does not have at this moment.
คำว่า “but” ที่แสดงให้เห็นถึงความขัดแย้งกันระหว่างประโยคหน้าและประโยคหลัง ช่วยให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจถึงสภาพความยากลำบากที่รัฐบาลไทยกำลังเผชิญหน้าอยุ่ในปัจจุบัน
4. Fourthly, Cause and Effect Relationship is another effective method to guide the meaning for readers. Studying its cause and effect relationship, the readers can guess the meaning more effectively by relying on the message suggesting the effect. These following words can be seen as guidance: because, because of, so, so that, due to, therefore, thus, in order to, as a result, in order that, consequently and since etc.
Example: The situation is such that the measures taken by the smaller nations may not bear fruit fully unless the giant nation succeeds in its crusade. The success of the smaller nations is thus contingent upon the success of the U.S.
ประโยคหลังแสดงให้เห็นถึงผลที่เกิดขึ้นจากการกระทำของประโยคก่อนหน้า โดยให้ความหมายว่า หากประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกาไม่ประสบผลสำเร็จในฟื้นฟูสภาพเศรษฐกิจ ประเทศเล็กๆ อื่นๆ ย่อมตกอยู่ในวิกฤตด้วยเช่นกัน
5. Lastly, Modifier or subordinate clause can be one of the means to suggest the meanings. The sentences are usually linked by relative pronouns, present participles and past participles which modifier the unknown words.
Example: But the crux of the problem is the disease which the world giant is suffering from is contagious and for good or for ill, the well-being of others depend on the well-being of the patient whose ill health has sent shock waves throughout the entire areas where its influence has been pervasive.
ประโยคที่นำหน้าด้วย “which” ซึ่งเป็น Relative Pronoun เป็นอนุประโยค ที่มีใจความขยายคำว่า “disease” พร้อมทั้งให้ความหมายว่า ผู้ที่เป็นโรคนี้คือสหรัฐอเมริกา
Simple Sentences
1.Other nations have been doing likewise.
2.Social cleavage is undeniably rocking the nation apart.
3.Certain ministers cannot even venture into a certain area in the country.
4.Tackling the economic problem is not easy.
5.Success in problem resolution will also be predicated upon the political parameter.
Compound Sentences
1.Thailand is not only faced with an economic crisis, but factually and grammatically, the nation is faced with crises and hence the problem is multi-dimensional or multifaceted.
2.Barak Obama thus not only has the support of the American people but the world nations at large for him to succeed in his economic reviving plans.
3.The scene is both worrisome and pathetic. (The scene is worrisome and the scene is pathetic.)
4.The U.S. is faced with the financial meltdown and credit crunch. (The U.S. is faced with the financial meltdown and the U.S. is faced with the credit crunch.)
5.Ironically, the giant cannot be allowed to die for it will pull down all the others with it.
Complex Sentences
1.The problem which Obama has to tackle is to bring the economy back to life and to extricate from the entanglement in Iraq and Afghanistan.
2.The primary policy of the U.S. is to revive its ailing economy so that it will go back on track and business will run as usual.
3.A business as usual in which the government can attend affairs of state is still far off.
4.While the south will welcome the Democrat ministers, the north and the northeast may protest the appearance of ministers who make a trip to the two regions.
5.But those elements are the luxury which the government does not have at this moment.
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